핵심요약

• 미-이스라엘 전쟁은 39일 동안 총 23,800회의 공습을 포함했습니다.
• 전쟁 초기 14일 동안 이란 지역에서 500만 톤의 온실가스가 배출되었습니다.
• 이란의 환경은 산성비와 대기 오염 등 심각한 환경 악화를 겪었습니다.
• 이란은 기후 관련 위기, 물 스트레스, 대기 질 문제 등 복합적인 환경 위기에 직면해 있습니다.

도입

본 기사는 미-이스라엘 전쟁이 이란의 생태계와 환경에 미친 구체적인 영향을 다루고 있습니다. 이는 지정학적 갈등이 단순히 군사적 충돌을 넘어 환경 및 인프라에 미치는 장기적이고 광범위한 비용을 이해하는 데 중요합니다. 투자자 관점에서 볼 때, 지역 분쟁의 결과가 에너지 공급망, 환경 규제, 그리고 장기적인 지역 안정성에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 분석하는 것은 미래 리스크 평가에 필수적입니다.

본문 1: 지정학적 충돌과 환경 파괴의 연관성

미-이스라엘 전쟁은 이란의 환경에 직접적인 물리적 피해를 입혔습니다. 39일 동안 발생한 23,800회의 공습은 단순히 군사 목표를 달성하는 것을 넘어, 이란의 생태계와 인프라에 광범위한 손상을 초래했습니다. 특히, 이란의 석유 수출에 중요한 역할을 하는 하르그 섬과 같은 지역에 대한 공격은 지역 생물 다양성과 해양 환경에 직접적인 영향을 미쳤습니다. 또한, 이란의 석유 저장 시설에 대한 폭격으로 인해 테헤란 광역권에 산성비가 발생하고 대기 오염이 심화되는 등 환경 오염이 발생했습니다. 이는 군사적 행동이 환경적 지속가능성에 미치는 부정적인 영향을 명확히 보여줍니다. 즉, 지정학적 갈등이 환경적 비용을 발생시키는 직접적인 원인이라는 점이 핵심입니다.

본문 2: 환경 악화의 경제적 및 장기적 영향

전쟁으로 인한 환경 악화는 단기적인 피해를 넘어 장기적인 경제적 및 사회적 비용을 발생시킵니다. 기사에서 언급된 바와 같이, 전쟁 초기 14일 동안 500만 톤의 온실가스 배출은 기후 변화 대응이라는 더 큰 글로벌 과제에 대한 이란의 부담을 가중시킵니다. 이는 이란이 이미 직면하고 있는 기후 관련 위기, 물 스트레스, 대기 질 문제와 결합하여 국가적 차원의 복합적인 위기를 심화시킵니다. 환경 자원의 손실과 오염은 농업 생산성 저하, 수자원 관리의 어려움, 그리고 공중 보건 비용 증가로 이어져 장기적인 경제 성장에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다. 국제 사회가 환경 문제에 대한 지속적인 관심을 기울이지 않을 경우, 이러한 환경적 손실은 더욱 심각한 사회경제적 불안정으로 이어질 수 있습니다.

본문 3: 환경 리스크와 거시 경제 전망

이러한 환경적 손실은 향후 이란의 거시 경제 전망에 중요한 리스크 요인으로 작용합니다. 환경 오염과 자원 부족 문제는 에너지 자원의 안정적인 수출과 인프라 유지보수에 제약을 가할 수 있습니다. 특히, 기후 변화에 따른 물 스트레스와 대기 질 문제는 농업 부문의 생산성을 저하시키고, 이는 식량 안보와 관련하여 민감한 이슈로 부각될 수 있습니다. 또한, 국제 환경 규제 및 탄소 가격 정책이 강화됨에 따라, 이란은 환경 복원 및 에너지 전환이라는 이중 과제를 해결해야 하는 부담을 안게 됩니다. 따라서 지정학적 리스크에 더하여 환경적 리스크를 통합적으로 평가하는 것이 향후 이란 관련 투자 및 정책 변화를 예측하는 데 필수적입니다.

결론

이번 전쟁이 이란의 환경에 미친 영향은 지정학적 갈등이 환경적 지속가능성과 불가분의 관계에 있음을 강조합니다. 군사적 행동은 환경 오염과 자원 손실이라는 직접적인 비용을 발생시키며, 이는 장기적인 경제적 불안정성을 야기합니다. 향후 투자자들은 지정학적 이벤트 발생 시, 환경 및 기후 관련 리스크를 핵심 평가 요소로 통합하여 분석해야 할 것입니다. 특히, 지역 분쟁의 결과가 환경 보전 노력에 어떻게 반영될지 지속적으로 주시해야 할 것입니다.

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원문 링크: https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMinwFBVV95cUxPT1BxZFFEa1lQRDMyN3RCR3RuREpPSDRqaENJQWdzYnM2eHpTX0l1N0FadldLWlVfTmpCR1h3NXBzd180b21SZE93WWFWV1pkQUpwWkNTbWRjZUdOTTlTM3EzeUhFYzc0M01qcTB2RS03WFI4MHhBb0lNTGcyalQyY0FzU1llYXdtOW9MczEyU25fVVRoampTc1ZidTZTNlE?oc=5

US-Israeli Bombing Has Harmed Iran’s Wildlife, Farms, and Water Supply - Truthout

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Just a few days before Tehran and Washington signed a now-defunct ceasefire agreement, local media in Iran reported that 25 goitered gazelles were killed in U.S. airstrikes on Kharg Island in the northern Persian Gulf. The small coral island is a key terminal for Iran’s oil exports and its unique wildlife includes white-headed seagulls, hawksbill sea turtles, and ospreys. It also hosts the ruins of a Dutch fort built in 1753. On multiple occasions, U.S. President Donald Trump has brandished the possibility of invading the island of 8,000 people.

The U.S.-Israeli war on Iran opened with the most intensive bombing campaign in modern history. Some 23,800 airstrikes were carried out in a span of 39 days, and one of its most consequential impacts was the environmental damage inflicted on Iran’s ecosystems. A June 17 memorandum of understanding halted the hostilities, but Trump notified Congress last week that he was resuming military action. Bombings are becoming a new norm, damaging Iran’s land, air, and water.

From toxic acid rain blanketing the Tehran metro area after Israel bombed the Iranian capital’s oil depots on March 7, to the emission of a substantial volume of greenhouse gases in the early phases of the campaign, the war has caused serious environmental degradation in a country reeling from a range of climate-related crises, water stress, and air quality issues. While international media have failed to consistently cover the negative environmental impacts of the war, environmental nonprofits, academic institutions, and climate advocates have documented extensive damage, only a portion of which has been understood to date.

According to a study by the Climate and Community Institute, 5 million metric tonnes of greenhouse gases were emitted due to the attacks on Iran in first 14 days of the war, which the nonprofit estimated exceeded Iceland’s carbon pollution over an entire year.

The war has caused serious environmental degradation in a country reeling from a range of climate-related crises, water stress, and air quality issues.

These emissions were caused by the destruction of homes and buildings, incineration of fuel used in combat, and the production of military equipment deployed by the warring parties, representing $1.3 billion in climate damage, the study added. Researchers have also warned that health hazards in Iran will increase as a result.

“The black rain that fell on Tehran after Israel’s bombing of oil storage tanks was full of hydrocarbons, SO₂ [sulfur dioxide], fine particulate matter, and heavy metals, none of which you want to breathe or have on your skin,” said Patrick Bigger, co-director of the Transition Security Project at the Climate and Community Institute.

“We can also look to historical examples to understand the types of long-term health concerns facing Iranians,” Bigger said, pointing out that cancer rates skyrocketed in Iraq after the 1991 Gulf War and the U.S.-led invasion.

Bigger, who is one of the authors of the study, said the organization’s latest finding was that after 28 days of war, 8.6 million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO₂) equivalent were released into the air. It’s expected that the emissions from reconstruction will be markedly higher, as has been the case in previous conflicts where rebuilding and debris removal were documented to be carbon-intensive activities.

The war has also ravaged Iran’s water supply and infrastructure. On March 7, the bombing of a major desalination plant on Qeshm Island disrupted the water supply to civilians in 30 villages, and on March 31, Reuters reported that the facility was still “completely out of service.” According to Iran’s Ministry of Energy, water distribution systems in 388 parts of the country, including pumping stations and service reservoirs, were damaged during the war. Sporadic bombings after the ceasefire also targeted water distribution facilities in southern Iran, mostly in Sirik County .

Qeshm, which is the largest Persian Gulf island and the first global geopark in the Middle East to be designated by UNESCO, has been affected in other ways, too. Geoparks are protected geological sites of natural and cultural significance. The sinking of an Iranian navy container ship on February 28 created an oil slick in the Persian Gulf that flowed 16 miles southwest, reaching the Hara Biosphere Reserve located between Qeshm and Iran’s southern coast.

As seen in satellite imagery, a kilometer-long filament of bunker oil from the ship was still spilling toward the protected marine wetland as of March 18. A sanctuary for rare sea snakes, Dalmatian pelicans, crab-plovers, curlews, and other endangered species, Hara is recognized by the 1971 Ramsar Convention as an international wetland. Scientists say the threat to the site’s coastal life will be multifaceted.

“Coastal ecosystems like mangrove forests provide important ecological services, including supporting biodiversity, protecting shorelines, and storing significant amounts of carbon. Oil contamination can damage these systems significantly and for extended periods of time,” said Bethany Tietjen, a postdoctoral researcher at The Fletcher School’s Climate Policy Lab in Massachusetts.

“One impact that often receives less attention is that environmental destruction is not only an ecological or economic loss. Ecosystems such as mangrove forests provide cultural, social, and spiritual value, support traditional livelihoods, and shape local identities,” she told Truthout .

Tietjen believes environmental harm should not be measured only in financial and material terms, but also in the indelible effects on communities.

“The loss of biodiversity, cultural heritage, traditional livelihoods, and people’s place-based attachments can have significant impacts, regardless of whether the underlying driver is climate change or armed conflict,” she said.

This is specifically the case with the airstrikes that have reportedly damaged pistachio warehouses in the city of Rafsanjan, Kerman Province. Iran is known to be the leading global producer of pistachios. Nearly 1 million direct and indirect jobs depend on pistachio production, supporting some 200,000 households.

Communities with agricultural lands, orchards, and farms have also experienced profound losses. On March 3, an agricultural farm in Buin Zahra County, Qazvin Province, was hit by missiles that killed two members of a six-strong family of farmworkers, according to the Tehran-based Donya-e-Eqtesad newspaper.

Airborne pollutants such as toxic hydrocarbons and sulfur oxides created by oil combustion can remain suspended in the atmosphere for a long period and resurface in future precipitation.

Based on the account published by a local reporter, the family had moved in from the neighboring Zanjan Province in search of better opportunities, and when they settled in the village of Hajib, they converted an ostrich ranch into a wheat and barley farm. Twenty-one-year-old Hanieh Jahanshahloo and seventh-grader Faezeh Jahanshahloo, who both helped their parents on the farm, were killed in the strikes.

The civilian toll of the devastating war has been significant. About 3,500 Iranians have been killed in the 39 days of the war on Iran starting on February 28, according to official tallies. These figures don’t include the death toll from the renewed wave of U.S. airstrikes on southern Iran after the after the White House recommenced military action and stopped observing the ceasefire on July 7.

But just as the conflict has drained Iran’s cities and natural habitats, the negative impacts on animal welfare have also been common, and often overlooked. At Tehran’s Lavizan bird park, several birds began panicking and fatally crashed into their cages after airstrikes thumped nearby, Iran’s Department of Environment officials said . Explosion sounds cause distress to animals, and similar scenes of mammals running away from the sites of bombing have been reported in the Kolah Ghazi National Park in Isfahan Province.

Still, details about these incidents and other events in which livestock farms, zoos, wildlife museums, and establishments affiliated with Iran’s Department of Environment were targeted have been sparse, mostly due to the limited operation of independent media and the longstanding constraints on international correspondents’ access to Iran.

Scholars have been trying to fill this knowledge gap by focusing on the broader impacts of the war on air quality in Iranian cities, temperature inversions, soil erosion, and habitat loss using open-source data.

Source: https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMinwFBVV95cUxPT1BxZFFEa1lQRDMyN3RCR3RuREpPSDRqaENJQWdzYnM2eHpTX0l1N0FadldLWlVfTmpCR1h3NXBzd180b21SZE93WWFWV1pkQUpwWkNTbWRjZUdOTTlTM3EzeUhFYzc0M01qcTB2RS03WFI4MHhBb0lNTGcyalQyY0FzU1llYXdtOW9MczEyU25fVVRoampTc1ZidTZTNlE?oc=5