핵심요약

• 시스탄발루체스탄 인프라에 2조 토만 이상의 피해 발생
• 7월 9일 미국 중앙사령부(CENTCOM)가 4개 남부 주에 대한 공습 개시
• 이란의 주요 군사 시설(사르제흐 기지, 차바하르 해상 감시탑 등)이 표적으로 지정됨
• 해당 지역 주민들의 고통과 인프라 파괴가 동시에 발생

도입

본 기사는 이란 남부 지역에서 발생한 분쟁이 단순한 군사적 충돌을 넘어, 인도적 비용과 지역 인프라의 파괴라는 심각한 결과를 초래하고 있음을 보여줍니다. 투자자들은 이러한 지역 분쟁이 이란의 에너지 및 해상 무역로에 미치는 장기적인 영향과 지정학적 위험을 면밀히 분석해야 합니다.

본문 1: 군사적 표적과 인프라 파괴

미국 중앙사령부(CENTCOM)가 7월 9일 개시한 공습은 이란의 남부 4개 주(호르무즈간, 시스탄발루체스탄, 쿠제스탄, 부셰헤르)를 대상으로 했습니다. 이 작전은 단순한 군사적 목표 달성을 넘어, 지역의 핵심 인프라를 직접적으로 파괴하는 결과를 낳았습니다. 구체적으로 이란의 이란샤르 공항, 이란혁명수비대(IRGC) 살만 코르스 기지(사르제흐), 그리고 차바하르의 해상 교통 통제탑 등 군사 및 해상 감시 시설이 공습의 표적이 되었습니다. 이는 해당 지역의 물리적 기반 시설이 군사적 긴장 상태에 직접적으로 노출되었음을 의미합니다. 이러한 시설 파괴는 지역 경제 활동의 중단과 함께 주민들의 기본적인 생활 환경에 심각한 영향을 미치며, 이는 인도적 위기를 더욱 심화시키는 요인으로 작용합니다.

본문 2: 지역적 취약성과 지정학적 위험

시스탄발루체스탄 지역은 이란 내에서도 가장 빈곤하고 소외된 지역 중 하나로 알려져 있습니다. 이러한 지역에 대한 지속적인 공격과 인프라 파괴는 단순한 물질적 손실을 넘어, 이미 취약한 사회경제적 구조에 심각한 부담을 지우는 결과를 초래합니다. 분쟁의 여파는 이 지역의 사회적 안정성을 위협하며, 외부 세력의 개입 가능성을 높이는 지정학적 위험을 증폭시킵니다. 특히 해상 무역로와 연관된 감시 시설이 공격받았다는 점은 이 지역이 국제 해상 물류 및 에너지 흐름에 있어 잠재적인 불안정 요소로 작용할 수 있음을 시사합니다. 이는 지역 전체의 경제적 안정성과 에너지 공급망에 간접적인 위험을 초래합니다.

본문 3: 장기적 전망과 회복력

이러한 지역 분쟁의 장기적인 영향은 해당 지역의 회복력(Resilience)에 달려 있습니다. 인프라 파괴는 단기적으로는 경제 활동을 마비시키지만, 장기적으로는 재건 비용과 사회적 갈등 해결에 막대한 자원을 소모하게 됩니다. 따라서 향후 지역 안정화를 위해서는 군사적 해결뿐만 아니라, 파괴된 인프라를 복구하고 지역 주민들의 사회경제적 불평등을 해소하기 위한 인도적 및 개발적 접근이 필수적입니다. 외부의 개입이 지속될 경우, 지역 사회의 분열과 불안정성이 장기화될 위험이 존재합니다.

결론

이란 남부 지역에서 발생한 분쟁은 물리적 인프라 파괴와 더불어 취약 계층의 인도적 고통을 심화시키는 복합적인 결과를 낳았습니다. 향후 이 지역의 안정화는 군사적 상황뿐만 아니라, 파괴된 인프라의 복구와 사회경제적 불평등 해소라는 장기적인 관점에서 접근해야 할 것입니다. 투자자들은 이러한 지정학적 위험이 지역 경제 및 에너지 시장에 미치는 파급 효과를 지속적으로 주시해야 합니다.

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Bombs, Blackouts, and Fear: The Human Cost of War in Baluchestan - IranWire

Following the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) attacks on commercial vessels in the Strait of Hormuz and Donald Trump’s official declaration ending the ceasefire between the U.S. and Iran, full-scale warfare has engulfed Iran’s southern provinces. While state media and officials dismiss the bombs, missiles, and drones raining down on cities and infrastructure during every wave of U.S. attacks as mere “projectiles,” the human and material toll continues to mount.

Recent reports indicate over 2 trillion tomans in damage to the infrastructure of Sistan and Baluchestan, one of Iran’s most impoverished and marginalized provinces. The region has been under continuous fire almost daily since the early morning of Thursday, July 9, while government officials were attending funeral processions for Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei in Mashhad and Iraq.

This report details the destruction of infrastructure in Sistan and Baluchestan and the suffering borne by its long-marginalized population, building on IranWire’s ongoing coverage of southern Iran during the Third Gulf War.

What Do We Know About the War in Sistan and Baluchestan?

While the sparks of the war were ignited on July 7, hopes remained that tensions might subside. However, early on Thursday, July 9, U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) launched one of its heaviest bombardment campaigns since the end of the ceasefire across four southern provinces: Hormozgan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Khuzestan, and Bushehr.

Domestic media reports and Baluch human rights organizations confirm that airstrikes on the morning of July 9 targeted Iranshahr Airport, the IRGC Salman Corps base at Sarzeh, and the maritime traffic control tower in Chabahar. Days later, on Friday, July 17, the Shahid Kalantari surveillance tower in Chabahar was also hit.

In a statement regarding the Shahid Kalantari tower, CENTCOM noted that the facility formed a core component of the IRGC’s maritime surveillance network along the Gulf of Oman, which had been used for decades to monitor and target commercial shipping passing through the Strait of Hormuz.

Strikes on southern ports and cities in Sistan and Baluchestan continued through Tuesday, July 14, and Wednesday, July 15. The human rights group Haalvsh published video footage on July 14 showing low-altitude fighter jet flights over Chabahar, which caused panic among residents following early-morning strikes on nearby military installations.

Journalist Vahid Online also circulated verified videos on Wednesday evening showing strikes on the Ahmad Size outpost in Chabahar and the Bahar housing complex along the Ramin-Chabahar road.

The most tragic news of the campaign broke on Wednesday morning, July 15. The Public Relations Office of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army announced that seven military personnel and conscripts had been killed following U.S. missile strikes on a Ground Forces barracks in Bampur, Iranshahr. The military statement specified that U.S. forces fired 13 missiles targeting the sleeping quarters and barracks facilities, killing five young conscripts and two second sergeants from the 388th Brigade of Iranshahr.

The release of photos and names of the young conscripts sparked widespread grief and outrage across Persian social media platforms, with the Army Ground Forces threatening retaliation “at an appropriate time.”

Since then, nightly strikes have targeted military assets in Rask, Konarak, and Chabahar. On Tuesday, July 21, targets in Chabahar and Konarak were struck, followed by reports from state television of multiple heavy explosions in Konarak on Thursday evening, July 23.

“They Call Them Projectiles, But It Is Our Lives Being Wasted”

On Sunday, July 19, military analyst Nima Akbarkhani appeared on state television to review recent CENTCOM strikes, stating that the heaviest bombardments were concentrated in Sistan and Baluchestan and Hormozgan. He asserted that nearly all the targets were military facilities and claimed that U.S. strikes were largely political manoeuvres hitting an “empty target bank.”

A local resident in Chabahar strongly pushed back against these assertions while speaking to IranWire, describing daily life in the port city as a nightmare. The resident described living in constant terror because of the roar of explosions, shaking walls, and shifting picture frames: “This is the reality of war. We, the people, endure the suffering while state TV analysts call them mere ‘projectiles’ hitting ‘empty targets.’”

Another resident, whose account was shared with IranWire via Shivar News, commented on the claims of empty target banks: “All IRGC and Basij bases were evacuated weeks ago across the southern provinces. If you notice, dozens of IRGC bases were bombed over the past fortnight without a single casualty being reported among their ranks because they were emptied in advance.”

The resident also shared local speculation regarding the Bampur barracks attack: “Two days before the attack, locals were talking about how the IRGC moved three missile launchers from the nearby Shahid Memaar base into the Army barracks after evacuating its own base. Two nights later, the Army barracks was struck, with the ammunition depot being the primary target. People are asking why this barracks was suddenly targeted after being left alone for so long.”

He added: “Civilians pay the price for this war. War only destroys livelihoods, ruins the economy, and inflicts severe psychological trauma on ordinary people while politicians remain unharmed.”

Civilian Victims and Human Rights Documentation

Beyond the five conscripts killed at the Bampur base, the Baluchestan Human Rights Documentation Network published the names of four civilians killed in Sistan and Baluchestan and the surrounding coastal areas:

Parvin Sepahi, a Baluch woman from the village of Jangalook in Chabahar, was killed when her home collapsed due to secondary explosions from targeted military supply depots nearby. Her pregnant daughter and another family member were injured.

Khaled Qaderi, an on-duty weather station employee at Iranshahr Airport, was killed during airstrikes targeting the airport complex.

Omid Arabi and Morteza Hormozi, two Baluch fishermen from the port of Kuhestak, were killed when their boats were struck near the pier.

Additionally, two unidentified bodies recovered near the Pasabandar radar station following an airstrike were transferred to the morgue at Imam Ali Hospital in Chabahar, pending formal identification.

Earlier, Hossein Kermanpour, head of the Ministry of Health’s Public Relations Centre, confirmed that the number of injuries from the July attacks had passed 300 nationwide, with 72 individuals remaining hospitalized. Ministry figures confirmed that two women and a minor were among the casualties, with Hormozgan, Sistan and Baluchestan, and Khuzestan suffering the heaviest casualties and structural damage.

Life in Wartime: Prolonged Power Outages, Water Cuts, and Endless Fuel Queues

A report published on Thursday, July 23, revealed that the fallout from the war is no longer confined to the coastal cities of the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. Shrapnel from the conflict has severely disrupted basic public services in inland cities such as Zahedan and its peripheral, impoverished neighbourhoods, including Shirabad, even though local infrastructure there has not been targeted by the United States.

For instance, Iranian media reported the destruction of two primary water reservoirs in Sirik, Hormozgan Province, an incident that U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) stated it was investigating. However, local sources in Sistan and Baluchestan confirm that no desalination plants or reservoirs have been struck in their province. Despite this, water has been cut off for days in parts of Zahedan, with Islamic Republic officials once again citing consumer “imbalances” as the cause of the multi-day outages.

According to IranWire’s investigation, access to electricity and vehicle fuel in Sistan and Baluchestan tells a similar story. Long queues for gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG), coupled with frequent power cuts affecting businesses and local industries, have inflicted severe damage on civilian livelihoods, particularly in a region where a significant portion of the population relies on dangerous fuel-carrying, or sookhtbari, to put food on the table.

“Conditions Were Already Bad; Now They Are Catastrophic”

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