핵심요약

• 2025년 7월 27일 EU와 미국은 15% 수입관세 합의
• 8월 7일부터 대부분의 EU 제품에 15% 관세 적용
• 철강과 알루미늄은 50% 관세 유지, 할당량 협상 진행 중
• EU 측이 특정 제품 면제 조항 발표했으나 미국 측 확인이 아직 없음

도입

이번 EU-US 관세 합의는 글로벌 무역 정책에 미치는 영향이 크며, 특히 반도체, 자동차, 철강 산업에 직접적인 영향을 줄 전망입니다. 투자자들은 관세 변경이 각 산업의 수익성에 미치는 영향을 면밀히 분석해야 합니다.

본문 1: 반도체 및 자동차 산업의 관세 영향

반도체와 자동차 산업은 이번 관세 변경의 주요 타깃으로, 15% 관세가 적용되면서 수출 기업들의 수익성이 감소할 가능성이 있습니다. 특히 EU의 반도체 기업들은 미국 시장 진출 시 추가 비용 부담이 커질 전망이며, 자동차 제조사들도 부품 가격 상승으로 생산 비용이 증가할 것입니다. 이는 글로벌 공급망에 변화를 가져올 수 있으며, 투자자들은 해당 산업의 수출 기업들에 대한 포트폴리오 조정이 필요할 수 있습니다.

본문 2: 철강 산업의 할당량 협상 전망

철강 산업은 50% 관세 유지에도 불구하고 할당량 협상이 진행 중이며, 이는 특정 수량의 철강 제품에 대해 낮은 관세율을 적용할 수 있는 기회를 제공합니다. 그러나 협상이 성공적으로 마무리되지 않을 경우, 철강 기업들은 추가적인 비용 부담에 직면할 수 있습니다. 이는 철강 산업의 수익성과 시장 점유율에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 투자자들은 철강 기업들의 재무 상태와 시장 전략을 면밀히 분석해야 합니다.

본문 3: 글로벌 무역 정책의 장기적 영향

이번 EU-US 관세 합의는 글로벌 무역 정책의 변화를 예고하며, 향후 다른 국가와의 무역 협상에도 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다. 특히 중국과 같은 주요 무역국들은 이번 합의를 관찰하며 자신의 정책을 조정할 가능성이 있으며, 이는 글로벌 경제에 장기적인 영향을 줄 수 있습니다. 투자자들은 이러한 변화를 주시하며, 다양한 산업과 국가의 시장 동향을 지속적으로 모니터링해야 합니다.

결론

EU-US 관세 합의는 글로벌 무역 정책과 산업 구조에 중요한 변화를 가져올 수 있으며, 투자자들은 각 산업의 수익성과 시장 동향을 면밀히 분석해야 합니다. 향후 할당량 협상의 결과와 다른 국가들의 대응을 주시하는 것이 중요하며, 이는 포트폴리오 조정과 투자 전략 수정에 도움이 될 것입니다.

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원문 링크: https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMic0FVX3lxTE5uUXk1Z1ZwcUdVRmhMM1JmVDdTREI4RVU2MkFjREN5ZnVOUmtEZWFRNGl4YnJpQlNsald3V3VhQkwybTZ2Yy0xLWhGVm94ZkdxQ0JvTEJzWmh0QXR2ZkdzUGk1bkdtMG1IYnFKSlFwdS15Mkk?oc=5

Tariffs, exemptions and executive orders: Unpacking the EU/US trade deal - PwC Ireland

Partner, PwC Ireland (Republic of)

With continued developments in US trade policy, please see this week’s key updates in our latest round-up on tariffs, global tax and beyond.

On 27 July 2025, President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, and President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, reached a bilateral agreement on tariffs and trade relations between the European Union and the United States. Following this, on 31 July, President Trump signed an Executive Order entitled “Further Modifying the Reciprocal Tariff Rates” confirming that a rate of 15% would be applied to all EU goods from 7 August.

This Executive Order did not provide the comprehensive details of the deal or any products which were to be excluded. As of Thursday morning, no further Executive Order has been published and thus, the rate of 15% now applies to all EU goods (notwithstanding those that were previously subject to an exemption, or where specific rates are being applied, under previous Executive Orders).

As contained in a press release issued by the EU on 29 July and confirmed through the Executive Order issued on 31 July, EU goods are now subject to the following conditions;

A 15% import duty rate will apply to most EU products imported into the US.

This rate includes the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) tariff and replaces any additional duties (exception for steel and aluminium).

Where the MFN rate already exceeds 15%, the higher MFN rate will apply instead of the 15%.

The EU press release also contained information on the specific exemptions which would apply as part of this deal.

However, given the lack of any further publication from the US side implementing these exemptions, at present this remains a proposed list.

Tariffs on steel and aluminium remain at 50%. However, the two parties work towards establishing tariff quotas which would allow a quantity of these products to be imported at a lower duty rate.

Tariffs on cars and car parts, previously up to 25% plus a 2.5% MFN rate, will be reduced in line with the 15% ceiling.

Tariffs on certain chemicals, generic drugs, and natural resources will return to pre-January levels.

The EU and US plan to continue discussions on expanding the list of products subject to adjusted tariffs.

Aircraft and aircraft parts will revert to pre-January levels

The initial commentary from the EU, following the agreement reached between Commission President von der Leyen and President Trump, indicated that pharmaceuticals would be included within the 15% ceiling, should Section 232 measures be implemented.

However, recent comments made by President Trump seemed to run counter to this suggesting that tariffs on pharmaceuticals, when imposed, would be outside the scope of the recent EU – US agreement. In comments made on Tuesday, President Trump stated;

“We’ll be putting an initially small tariff on pharmaceuticals, but in one year – one and a half years, maximum – it’s going to go to 150 per cent and then it’s going to go to 250 per cent because we want pharmaceuticals made in our country,”

Of particular worry for Irish companies, President Trump specifically noted Ireland, along with China, as a key manufacturer to be targeted, stating;

“They [pharmaceutical companies] make a fortune with pharmaceuticals, and they make in China and Ireland and everything else.”

“This is a, you know, this is a separate class than the 15 per cent tariffs on sort of everything. These are excluded classes, I like to call them, like steel, aluminium, made in our country,”

In response to the agreement with the US, the EU has committed to lowering the MFN rate for industrial goods from the US to 0% with a projected saving of approximately €5 billion annually in duties for EU importers. The details of goods to be included within this are yet to be finalised.

Additionally, the EU has confirmed the suspension of retaliatory tariffs, due to come into effect on 7 August, for a period of 6 months.

With the implementation of the EU – US Trade Agreement, a divergence in tariff rate has once again presented itself between the EU and the UK for goods exported to the US. While generally the UK securing a rate of 10% will prove to be more beneficial that the corresponding EU agreement, unlike the EU agreement, this 10% is not a ceiling and will be stacked on top of any MFN rates which are currently in place.

In practice, this could mean that for certain products which have an MFN rate of 5% or above, provided they are not separately catered for, the UK will be at a disadvantage in comparison to the EU and UK products will face a higher effective tariff rate when imported into the EU.

Source: https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMic0FVX3lxTE5uUXk1Z1ZwcUdVRmhMM1JmVDdTREI4RVU2MkFjREN5ZnVOUmtEZWFRNGl4YnJpQlNsald3V3VhQkwybTZ2Yy0xLWhGVm94ZkdxQ0JvTEJzWmh0QXR2ZkdzUGk1bkdtMG1IYnFKSlFwdS15Mkk?oc=5