핵심요약

• 유엔은 2006년부터 2010년까지 이란에 대한 4개의 제재 결의를 통과시켰습니다.
• 제재에는 무기 금지, 핵 관련 물자의 공급 금지, 특정 단체에 대한 자산 동결이 포함되었습니다.
• 미국은 이란과 중간에 합의한 협정 하에 일부 제재를 면제하기 시작했지만, 모든 제재를 해제하는 것은 어렵고 여러 년이 걸릴 수 있습니다.
• 이란은 핵 협상을 통해 추가 제재 완화에 희망을 걸고 있으며, 장기적인 제재 완화는 이란의 경제 안정화에 필수적입니다.

도입

이란에 대한 제재 해제는 에너지 시장에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다. 이란은 주요 석유 수출국 중 하나이며, 제재 해제가 이루어지면 에너지 가격에 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다. 또한, 이란의 경제 안정화는 지역 안정화에 기여할 수 있습니다.

본문 1: 제재 해제의 경제적 영향

유엔의 제재 결의는 이란의 경제 활동에 큰 제약을 가했습니다. 특히 무기 금지와 자산 동결은 이란의 무역과 투자에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤습니다. 제재 해제가 이루어지면 이란의 경제 활동이 활발해질 수 있으며, 이는 지역 경제에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다. 그러나 제재 해제가 이루어지더라도 이란의 경제 회복에는 시간이 걸릴 수 있습니다.

본문 2: 제재 해제의 정치적 영향

제재 해제는 이란의 정치적 안정화에 기여할 수 있습니다. 이란은 최근 몇 년간 경제적 어려움으로 인해 정치적 불안정이 지속되었습니다. 제재 해제가 이루어지면 이란의 경제 상태가 개선될 수 있으며, 이는 정치적 안정화에 기여할 수 있습니다. 그러나 제재 해제가 이루어지더라도 이란의 정치적 상황은 여전히 불안정할 수 있습니다.

본문 3: 제재 해제의 장기적 전망

제재 해제의 장기적 전망은 긍정적이지만, 여전히 많은 도전이 남아 있습니다. 이란의 핵 협상이 성공적으로 진행되어야 제재 해제가 이루어질 수 있습니다. 또한, 이란의 경제 개혁이 이루어져야 제재 해제의 효과를 극대화할 수 있습니다. 제재 해제가 이루어지더라도 이란의 경제 회복에는 시간이 걸릴 수 있습니다.

결론

이란에 대한 제재 해제는 에너지 시장에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 이란의 경제와 정치적 안정화에 기여할 수 있습니다. 그러나 제재 해제가 이루어지더라도 이란의 경제 회복에는 시간이 걸릴 수 있으며, 정치적 상황은 여전히 불안정할 수 있습니다. 향후 이란의 핵 협상 진행 상황과 경제 개혁 상태를 주시해야 합니다.

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Will US and International Sanctions on Iran be Lifted? - Energy News, Top Headlines, Commentaries, Features & Events - EnergyNow.com

(Reuters) – The U.S. has started waiving some sanctions on Iran under their interim deal to end the war, but fully unravelling a tangled web of restrictions on the country’s activities and trade under any more comprehensive agreement will be much harder. This is why any effort to lift sanctions on Iran could take years and why foreign investment might take a long time to return: Get the Latest US Focused Energy News Delivered to You! It's FREE: Quick Sign-Up Here WILL SANCTIONS ON IRAN BE LIFTED? Sanctions, trade embargoes and asset freezes have been imposed by the U.S., the United Nations, the European Union and other countries for decades over its nuclear programme, human rights record and support for groups around the region. Iran now hopes to gain further sanctions relief through talks on its nuclear programme as the next phase of the interim deal unfolds. Gaining long-term relief from sanctions is critical to the prospects of a ruling system that has faced repeated bouts of unrest over recent years including bloodily suppressed mass protests over economic woes in January. Under a nuclear deal in 2015 most sanctions on Iran were lifted, but that agreement took years to negotiate and after an inconclusive war it may be much harder for both sides to bridge their differences again. WHAT ARE THE UN SANCTIONS? U.N. sanctions are tied to Iran’s nuclear programme and assessed violations of its obligations under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The U.N. Security Council passed resolutions imposing sanctions in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010. They included an arms embargo, bans on the supply of some nuclear-related materials and technology and freezes on assets of some companies and individuals. The resolutions also banned Iran from any activities to make ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons. While the resolutions froze funds and assets of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the state shipping company, they did not bar Iranian oil exports. After the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal was reached in 2015, the Security Council set out a schedule to lift its sanctions on Iran. However, U.S. President Donald Trump ripped up the deal in 2018 and Iran stopped complying with some of its requirements. The U.N. sanctions were reimposed through a “snapback” mechanism last year. HOW HARD WILL TRUMP FIND IT TO LIFT U.S. SANCTIONS? Washington first sanctioned Iran in 1979 when revolutionary students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran, holding diplomats hostage. Numerous additional sanctions have been put in place since then, including extensive measures against Iranian oil and gas exports, over Iran’s support for groups that the U.S. deems terrorist organisations and over the nuclear programme. One big complication is that the IRGC, the single most influential entity in the country and deeply enmeshed with its economy, is designated by Washington as a terrorist organisation. The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

This is why any effort to lift sanctions on Iran could take years and why foreign investment might take a long time to return: Get the Latest US Focused Energy News Delivered to You! It's FREE: Quick Sign-Up Here WILL SANCTIONS ON IRAN BE LIFTED? Sanctions, trade embargoes and asset freezes have been imposed by the U.S., the United Nations, the European Union and other countries for decades over its nuclear programme, human rights record and support for groups around the region. Iran now hopes to gain further sanctions relief through talks on its nuclear programme as the next phase of the interim deal unfolds. Gaining long-term relief from sanctions is critical to the prospects of a ruling system that has faced repeated bouts of unrest over recent years including bloodily suppressed mass protests over economic woes in January. Under a nuclear deal in 2015 most sanctions on Iran were lifted, but that agreement took years to negotiate and after an inconclusive war it may be much harder for both sides to bridge their differences again. WHAT ARE THE UN SANCTIONS? U.N. sanctions are tied to Iran’s nuclear programme and assessed violations of its obligations under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The U.N. Security Council passed resolutions imposing sanctions in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010. They included an arms embargo, bans on the supply of some nuclear-related materials and technology and freezes on assets of some companies and individuals. The resolutions also banned Iran from any activities to make ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons. While the resolutions froze funds and assets of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the state shipping company, they did not bar Iranian oil exports. After the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal was reached in 2015, the Security Council set out a schedule to lift its sanctions on Iran. However, U.S. President Donald Trump ripped up the deal in 2018 and Iran stopped complying with some of its requirements. The U.N. sanctions were reimposed through a “snapback” mechanism last year. HOW HARD WILL TRUMP FIND IT TO LIFT U.S. SANCTIONS? Washington first sanctioned Iran in 1979 when revolutionary students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran, holding diplomats hostage. Numerous additional sanctions have been put in place since then, including extensive measures against Iranian oil and gas exports, over Iran’s support for groups that the U.S. deems terrorist organisations and over the nuclear programme. One big complication is that the IRGC, the single most influential entity in the country and deeply enmeshed with its economy, is designated by Washington as a terrorist organisation. The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

Get the Latest US Focused Energy News Delivered to You! It's FREE: Quick Sign-Up Here

WILL SANCTIONS ON IRAN BE LIFTED?

Sanctions, trade embargoes and asset freezes have been imposed by the U.S., the United Nations, the European Union and other countries for decades over its nuclear programme, human rights record and support for groups around the region. Iran now hopes to gain further sanctions relief through talks on its nuclear programme as the next phase of the interim deal unfolds. Gaining long-term relief from sanctions is critical to the prospects of a ruling system that has faced repeated bouts of unrest over recent years including bloodily suppressed mass protests over economic woes in January. Under a nuclear deal in 2015 most sanctions on Iran were lifted, but that agreement took years to negotiate and after an inconclusive war it may be much harder for both sides to bridge their differences again. WHAT ARE THE UN SANCTIONS? U.N. sanctions are tied to Iran’s nuclear programme and assessed violations of its obligations under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The U.N. Security Council passed resolutions imposing sanctions in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010. They included an arms embargo, bans on the supply of some nuclear-related materials and technology and freezes on assets of some companies and individuals. The resolutions also banned Iran from any activities to make ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons. While the resolutions froze funds and assets of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the state shipping company, they did not bar Iranian oil exports. After the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal was reached in 2015, the Security Council set out a schedule to lift its sanctions on Iran. However, U.S. President Donald Trump ripped up the deal in 2018 and Iran stopped complying with some of its requirements. The U.N. sanctions were reimposed through a “snapback” mechanism last year. HOW HARD WILL TRUMP FIND IT TO LIFT U.S. SANCTIONS? Washington first sanctioned Iran in 1979 when revolutionary students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran, holding diplomats hostage. Numerous additional sanctions have been put in place since then, including extensive measures against Iranian oil and gas exports, over Iran’s support for groups that the U.S. deems terrorist organisations and over the nuclear programme. One big complication is that the IRGC, the single most influential entity in the country and deeply enmeshed with its economy, is designated by Washington as a terrorist organisation. The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

Iran now hopes to gain further sanctions relief through talks on its nuclear programme as the next phase of the interim deal unfolds. Gaining long-term relief from sanctions is critical to the prospects of a ruling system that has faced repeated bouts of unrest over recent years including bloodily suppressed mass protests over economic woes in January. Under a nuclear deal in 2015 most sanctions on Iran were lifted, but that agreement took years to negotiate and after an inconclusive war it may be much harder for both sides to bridge their differences again. WHAT ARE THE UN SANCTIONS? U.N. sanctions are tied to Iran’s nuclear programme and assessed violations of its obligations under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The U.N. Security Council passed resolutions imposing sanctions in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010. They included an arms embargo, bans on the supply of some nuclear-related materials and technology and freezes on assets of some companies and individuals. The resolutions also banned Iran from any activities to make ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons. While the resolutions froze funds and assets of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the state shipping company, they did not bar Iranian oil exports. After the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal was reached in 2015, the Security Council set out a schedule to lift its sanctions on Iran. However, U.S. President Donald Trump ripped up the deal in 2018 and Iran stopped complying with some of its requirements. The U.N. sanctions were reimposed through a “snapback” mechanism last year. HOW HARD WILL TRUMP FIND IT TO LIFT U.S. SANCTIONS? Washington first sanctioned Iran in 1979 when revolutionary students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran, holding diplomats hostage. Numerous additional sanctions have been put in place since then, including extensive measures against Iranian oil and gas exports, over Iran’s support for groups that the U.S. deems terrorist organisations and over the nuclear programme. One big complication is that the IRGC, the single most influential entity in the country and deeply enmeshed with its economy, is designated by Washington as a terrorist organisation. The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

Gaining long-term relief from sanctions is critical to the prospects of a ruling system that has faced repeated bouts of unrest over recent years including bloodily suppressed mass protests over economic woes in January. Under a nuclear deal in 2015 most sanctions on Iran were lifted, but that agreement took years to negotiate and after an inconclusive war it may be much harder for both sides to bridge their differences again. WHAT ARE THE UN SANCTIONS? U.N. sanctions are tied to Iran’s nuclear programme and assessed violations of its obligations under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The U.N. Security Council passed resolutions imposing sanctions in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010. They included an arms embargo, bans on the supply of some nuclear-related materials and technology and freezes on assets of some companies and individuals. The resolutions also banned Iran from any activities to make ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons. While the resolutions froze funds and assets of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the state shipping company, they did not bar Iranian oil exports. After the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal was reached in 2015, the Security Council set out a schedule to lift its sanctions on Iran. However, U.S. President Donald Trump ripped up the deal in 2018 and Iran stopped complying with some of its requirements. The U.N. sanctions were reimposed through a “snapback” mechanism last year. HOW HARD WILL TRUMP FIND IT TO LIFT U.S. SANCTIONS? Washington first sanctioned Iran in 1979 when revolutionary students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran, holding diplomats hostage. Numerous additional sanctions have been put in place since then, including extensive measures against Iranian oil and gas exports, over Iran’s support for groups that the U.S. deems terrorist organisations and over the nuclear programme. One big complication is that the IRGC, the single most influential entity in the country and deeply enmeshed with its economy, is designated by Washington as a terrorist organisation. The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

Under a nuclear deal in 2015 most sanctions on Iran were lifted, but that agreement took years to negotiate and after an inconclusive war it may be much harder for both sides to bridge their differences again. WHAT ARE THE UN SANCTIONS? U.N. sanctions are tied to Iran’s nuclear programme and assessed violations of its obligations under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The U.N. Security Council passed resolutions imposing sanctions in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010. They included an arms embargo, bans on the supply of some nuclear-related materials and technology and freezes on assets of some companies and individuals. The resolutions also banned Iran from any activities to make ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons. While the resolutions froze funds and assets of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the state shipping company, they did not bar Iranian oil exports. After the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal was reached in 2015, the Security Council set out a schedule to lift its sanctions on Iran. However, U.S. President Donald Trump ripped up the deal in 2018 and Iran stopped complying with some of its requirements. The U.N. sanctions were reimposed through a “snapback” mechanism last year. HOW HARD WILL TRUMP FIND IT TO LIFT U.S. SANCTIONS? Washington first sanctioned Iran in 1979 when revolutionary students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran, holding diplomats hostage. Numerous additional sanctions have been put in place since then, including extensive measures against Iranian oil and gas exports, over Iran’s support for groups that the U.S. deems terrorist organisations and over the nuclear programme. One big complication is that the IRGC, the single most influential entity in the country and deeply enmeshed with its economy, is designated by Washington as a terrorist organisation. The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

U.N. sanctions are tied to Iran’s nuclear programme and assessed violations of its obligations under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The U.N. Security Council passed resolutions imposing sanctions in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010. They included an arms embargo, bans on the supply of some nuclear-related materials and technology and freezes on assets of some companies and individuals. The resolutions also banned Iran from any activities to make ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons. While the resolutions froze funds and assets of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the state shipping company, they did not bar Iranian oil exports. After the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal was reached in 2015, the Security Council set out a schedule to lift its sanctions on Iran. However, U.S. President Donald Trump ripped up the deal in 2018 and Iran stopped complying with some of its requirements. The U.N. sanctions were reimposed through a “snapback” mechanism last year. HOW HARD WILL TRUMP FIND IT TO LIFT U.S. SANCTIONS? Washington first sanctioned Iran in 1979 when revolutionary students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran, holding diplomats hostage. Numerous additional sanctions have been put in place since then, including extensive measures against Iranian oil and gas exports, over Iran’s support for groups that the U.S. deems terrorist organisations and over the nuclear programme. One big complication is that the IRGC, the single most influential entity in the country and deeply enmeshed with its economy, is designated by Washington as a terrorist organisation. The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

The U.N. Security Council passed resolutions imposing sanctions in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010. They included an arms embargo, bans on the supply of some nuclear-related materials and technology and freezes on assets of some companies and individuals. The resolutions also banned Iran from any activities to make ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons. While the resolutions froze funds and assets of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the state shipping company, they did not bar Iranian oil exports. After the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal was reached in 2015, the Security Council set out a schedule to lift its sanctions on Iran. However, U.S. President Donald Trump ripped up the deal in 2018 and Iran stopped complying with some of its requirements. The U.N. sanctions were reimposed through a “snapback” mechanism last year. HOW HARD WILL TRUMP FIND IT TO LIFT U.S. SANCTIONS? Washington first sanctioned Iran in 1979 when revolutionary students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran, holding diplomats hostage. Numerous additional sanctions have been put in place since then, including extensive measures against Iranian oil and gas exports, over Iran’s support for groups that the U.S. deems terrorist organisations and over the nuclear programme. One big complication is that the IRGC, the single most influential entity in the country and deeply enmeshed with its economy, is designated by Washington as a terrorist organisation. The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

They included an arms embargo, bans on the supply of some nuclear-related materials and technology and freezes on assets of some companies and individuals. The resolutions also banned Iran from any activities to make ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons. While the resolutions froze funds and assets of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the state shipping company, they did not bar Iranian oil exports. After the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal was reached in 2015, the Security Council set out a schedule to lift its sanctions on Iran. However, U.S. President Donald Trump ripped up the deal in 2018 and Iran stopped complying with some of its requirements. The U.N. sanctions were reimposed through a “snapback” mechanism last year. HOW HARD WILL TRUMP FIND IT TO LIFT U.S. SANCTIONS? Washington first sanctioned Iran in 1979 when revolutionary students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran, holding diplomats hostage. Numerous additional sanctions have been put in place since then, including extensive measures against Iranian oil and gas exports, over Iran’s support for groups that the U.S. deems terrorist organisations and over the nuclear programme. One big complication is that the IRGC, the single most influential entity in the country and deeply enmeshed with its economy, is designated by Washington as a terrorist organisation. The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

The resolutions also banned Iran from any activities to make ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons. While the resolutions froze funds and assets of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the state shipping company, they did not bar Iranian oil exports. After the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal was reached in 2015, the Security Council set out a schedule to lift its sanctions on Iran. However, U.S. President Donald Trump ripped up the deal in 2018 and Iran stopped complying with some of its requirements. The U.N. sanctions were reimposed through a “snapback” mechanism last year. HOW HARD WILL TRUMP FIND IT TO LIFT U.S. SANCTIONS? Washington first sanctioned Iran in 1979 when revolutionary students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran, holding diplomats hostage. Numerous additional sanctions have been put in place since then, including extensive measures against Iranian oil and gas exports, over Iran’s support for groups that the U.S. deems terrorist organisations and over the nuclear programme. One big complication is that the IRGC, the single most influential entity in the country and deeply enmeshed with its economy, is designated by Washington as a terrorist organisation. The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

While the resolutions froze funds and assets of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the state shipping company, they did not bar Iranian oil exports. After the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal was reached in 2015, the Security Council set out a schedule to lift its sanctions on Iran. However, U.S. President Donald Trump ripped up the deal in 2018 and Iran stopped complying with some of its requirements. The U.N. sanctions were reimposed through a “snapback” mechanism last year. HOW HARD WILL TRUMP FIND IT TO LIFT U.S. SANCTIONS? Washington first sanctioned Iran in 1979 when revolutionary students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran, holding diplomats hostage. Numerous additional sanctions have been put in place since then, including extensive measures against Iranian oil and gas exports, over Iran’s support for groups that the U.S. deems terrorist organisations and over the nuclear programme. One big complication is that the IRGC, the single most influential entity in the country and deeply enmeshed with its economy, is designated by Washington as a terrorist organisation. The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

After the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal was reached in 2015, the Security Council set out a schedule to lift its sanctions on Iran. However, U.S. President Donald Trump ripped up the deal in 2018 and Iran stopped complying with some of its requirements. The U.N. sanctions were reimposed through a “snapback” mechanism last year. HOW HARD WILL TRUMP FIND IT TO LIFT U.S. SANCTIONS? Washington first sanctioned Iran in 1979 when revolutionary students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran, holding diplomats hostage. Numerous additional sanctions have been put in place since then, including extensive measures against Iranian oil and gas exports, over Iran’s support for groups that the U.S. deems terrorist organisations and over the nuclear programme. One big complication is that the IRGC, the single most influential entity in the country and deeply enmeshed with its economy, is designated by Washington as a terrorist organisation. The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

However, U.S. President Donald Trump ripped up the deal in 2018 and Iran stopped complying with some of its requirements. The U.N. sanctions were reimposed through a “snapback” mechanism last year. HOW HARD WILL TRUMP FIND IT TO LIFT U.S. SANCTIONS? Washington first sanctioned Iran in 1979 when revolutionary students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran, holding diplomats hostage. Numerous additional sanctions have been put in place since then, including extensive measures against Iranian oil and gas exports, over Iran’s support for groups that the U.S. deems terrorist organisations and over the nuclear programme. One big complication is that the IRGC, the single most influential entity in the country and deeply enmeshed with its economy, is designated by Washington as a terrorist organisation. The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

HOW HARD WILL TRUMP FIND IT TO LIFT U.S. SANCTIONS?

Washington first sanctioned Iran in 1979 when revolutionary students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran, holding diplomats hostage. Numerous additional sanctions have been put in place since then, including extensive measures against Iranian oil and gas exports, over Iran’s support for groups that the U.S. deems terrorist organisations and over the nuclear programme. One big complication is that the IRGC, the single most influential entity in the country and deeply enmeshed with its economy, is designated by Washington as a terrorist organisation. The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

One big complication is that the IRGC, the single most influential entity in the country and deeply enmeshed with its economy, is designated by Washington as a terrorist organisation. The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

The sanctions are administered by the U.S. Treasury but as they come under different authorities and through different mechanisms, there is no quick, easy way to turn them all off. Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

Authority to impose sanctions derives from two laws in the 1970s that grant presidents emergency powers that have to be renewed each year, and from laws in 1996 and 2017 specifically targeting Iran and other countries. Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

Sanctions imposed by the president through executive orders can be reversed with a stroke of the pen by Trump. These include freezes of billions of dollars’ worth of Iranian assets, an arms embargo, a ban on all trade with or investment in Iran and on anybody buying the country’s oil. Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

Harder to remove are the sanctions that were imposed by Congress, which did not include waivers or exceptions based on Iranian conduct on human rights violations or Tehran’s support for groups Washington regards as terrorist organisations. Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

Many companies, individuals and government bodies are specifically designated and removing all those could take a long time. DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN? The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

DOES EUROPE ALSO HAVE SANCTIONS ON IRAN?

The EU placed embargoes on Iranian oil exports, froze assets held by the Central Bank of Iran and stopped the trade in precious metals and petrochemicals to and from Iran in 2012. It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

It imposed restrictions on foreign trade, financial services and the energy and technology sectors. Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

Some Iranian banks were disconnected from the SWIFT system for international payments in 2012 under EU directives, largely cutting off big parts of Iran’s financial system from other countries. Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

Although some sanctions were lifted under the JCPOA, they were restored later on. Further sanctions have targeted individuals and particular missile and drone components. The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

The EU has also sanctioned the IRGC and it imposed new sanctions this year over Iran’s blocking of the Strait of Hormuz. WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED? The complexity of the sanctions on Iran means that many companies would fear legal jeopardy about any return to the Islamic Republic without a very comprehensive lifting of sanctions. Because so many Iranian companies and individuals have been designated, it could be difficult for companies to ensure they were not inadvertently breaching the rules. They could also face lawsuits from attack victims, who could sue investors and companies for aiding designated groups. WHERE DOES IRAN HAVE FROZEN ASSETS? Iran has tens of billions of dollars sitting in foreign banks, mainly from exports of oil and gas, which it cannot reach because of the various sanctions on its banking and oil sectors. Countries where Iran has had billions of dollars from oil sales sitting inaccessible in banks include South Korea, China, Japan, Luxembourg and Iraq. By Angus McDowall in London; Editing by Matthew Lewis, William Maclean Share This: Previous Article US Supreme Court Boosts Exxon’s Bid to Get Compensation from Cuba Next Article US CFOs in Survey Say Firms Mostly Absorbed Oil Price Shock More News Articles Oil Steadies as US and Iran Agree to Halt Attacks Stalled Trump Administration Permits Threaten $121 Bln in Wind and Solar Investment – Report Occidental’s New CEO Tested by Debt, Lagging Stock Price and Big Dividend Payments to Berkshire AMERICAN ENERGY SNAPSHOT: America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve

WOULD FOREIGN COMPANIES RETURN TO IRAN IF SANCTIONS WERE LIFTED?

Source: https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMijAFBVV95cUxNRlJzOTF2ZThSem9JTmk3QmtuZWh2UjZGNEttS2FMZjRPSE53bXIyWDVhdWlXV3pXR3hxQ3FSWC02QktDTTBlblgyaTFzblJnMlJaZ0JoRHhDVk1CRm1jRzEwZjU1SlA2aXZQVzVfald5SUJnMnJ5REllOU1XZ3BrU2c5Zkplb2R2MEdpcA?oc=5